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14

The Jing Teng Pian of Shang Shu

(Book of History) states: "Open the yueh

(lock) and one sees the book." Ci Yuan

further interprets: "Yueh is the same as

what we called today yao (lock)." The

book Zhi Tian Lu from the Han Dynasty

contains: "Door locks are of fish-shaped."

Zhang Zi-Lie of the Ming Dynasty in his

work Zheng Zi Tong further explains:

"Yao is used to lock the door, and shi (key)

to undo the yao." And, when Ci Yuan

explained the word yueh, it says: "Suo

(lock) also is named yao."

The Chapter Xiao Er Ya of Han

Shu (Book of Han Dynasty) by Ban Gu

in the Eastern Han Dynasty states: "Jian

is also called ling," while Xu Shen of

the Eastern Han Dynasty in his Shuo

Wen Jie Zi says: "Ling is a suo (lock)."

Furthermore, Chen Peng-Nian and co-

writers of the Sung Dynasty in their work

Guang-Shao mentioned: "Soldiers seal

doors with lings and have mighty axes

ready for emergency."

Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han

Dynasty in his annotation of Yue Ling

in Li Ji (Book of Rites) wrote: "Jian

(lock), the male part; and bi (keyhole), the

female." The same idea was elaborated by

Kong Ying-Da of the Tang Dynasty in his

annotation of Yue Ling in Li Ji (Book of

Rites) as: "Mu (male) is the inserting part

of locks, while pi (female) is the receiving

part." Ci Yuan made it clear that "The

keyhole on the door lock is called bi." Cai

Yong of the Eastern Han Dynasty in his

Yue Ling Zhang Ju (Phrases on Months)

stated: "Jian is the sealing of mu; it is used

to close the door, and also called yan yi."

This means that mu functions as the lock,

therefore it can also be referred to as the

door bolt.

《尚書 ‧ 金

篇》中有

『啟籥見書』之說,《辭源》

解釋道:『籥今通作鑰』。漢

代《芝田錄》中有『門鑰必以

魚』之說,明代張自烈的《正

字通》解釋道:『鑰以閉戶,

匙以啟鑰』,《辭源》在解釋

「籥」字時說:『鎖名亦名鑰』。

東漢班固於《漢書 ‧ 小

爾雅》中說:『鍵謂之鈐』,

而東漢許慎的《說文解字》則

解釋道:『鈐,鎖也』,宋代

陳彭年等人的《廣韶》中則有

『兵鈐以閉房,神斧以備非常』

之說。

東漢鄭玄的《禮記 ‧ 月

令注》中說:『鍵,牡;閉,

牝也』,唐代孔穎達的《禮記‧

月令疏》解釋道:『凡鎖器入

者謂之牡,受者謂之牝』,《辭

源》解釋道:『門閂之孔曰閉』。

東漢蔡邕的《月令章句》中說:

『鍵,關牡也。牡所以止扉也,

或謂之剡移』,意思是說牡是

用作鎖門的,因此也可以稱為

門閂。